PRRS减毒活疫苗抗体消长规律及仔猪最佳首免日龄探究Fluctuant rule of antibodies and the date of initial immunization for the piglet from sows inoculated with PRRS live attenuated vaccine
高胜,李洋,马志倩,李志伟,徐乐乐,焦点,冯英桐,杜兴乾,肖书奇
摘要(Abstract):
从山东省某规模化猪场随机选择5头健康母猪,在其分娩前35 d免疫1头份猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)减毒活疫苗。从5头母猪分娩的仔猪中随机选择30头,于0,4,7,10,16,21,28,35日龄时采集各仔猪前腔静脉血分离血清,测定PRRS抗体水平及抗体阳性率,以探究仔猪PRRS抗体消长情况。为探究仔猪接种PRRS疫苗的最佳首免日龄,选择175头健康仔猪,随机分为7组,每组25头,分别于0,7,14,21,28,35日龄时免疫PRRS减毒活疫苗,并于免疫后7,14,21,28,35 d时采集血清测定其PRRS抗体水平及抗体阳性率。结果显示,仔猪吮吸初乳后逐渐获得高水平的母源抗体,于4日龄时达到峰值且阳性率高达100%; 7日龄及10日龄时,仔猪体内PRRS抗体仍处在峰值附近,且阳性率为100%;此后,PRRS抗体及阳性率逐渐降低,在28日龄时接近阴性,在35日龄时大部分转为阴性。不同日龄进行首免的各组仔猪中,0日龄免疫组在免疫后7 d即可产生高水平PRRS抗体,且阳性率达75%,之后PRRS抗体逐渐增高,且阳性率逐渐增至96%;4日龄免疫组除在免疫后7 d处于临界值(S/P=3.9)外,其余时间点PRRS抗体均呈阳性,但阳性率为70%~83%;7日龄免疫组与4日龄免疫组相似,除免疫后7 d处于较低值(S/P=0.26)外,其余各时间点PRRSV抗体均呈阳性;而14,21,28,35日龄免疫组仔猪在免疫后14 d之前PRRS抗体均为阴性,血清转化出现在14 d或21 d后,但阳性率较高。综上,妊娠母猪产前35 d免疫PRRS减毒活疫苗所产仔猪体内PRRS母源抗体均值在4日龄时达峰值,28日龄时衰减至接近阴性,而35日龄时大部分转为阴性;仔猪分娩当天(吮吸初乳前)或分娩后4~7 d进行PRRS减毒活疫苗免疫均能使仔猪迅速产生较高水平阳性抗体,且具有较长的免疫持续时间和PRRS抗体阳性率,是较为合理的免疫方案。
关键词(KeyWords): 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗;PRRS抗体;消长规律;首免日龄
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划资助项目(No.2017YFD0500605);; 陕西省杰出青年科学基金资助项目(No.2021JC-18);; 陕西高校青年创新团队资助项目;; 西北农林科技大学试验示范站科技创新与成果转化资助项目(No.TGZX2020-24)
作者(Author): 高胜,李洋,马志倩,李志伟,徐乐乐,焦点,冯英桐,杜兴乾,肖书奇
DOI: 10.16303/j.cnki.1005-4545.2021.10.04
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